Regime volatile·Trajectory slowing·Latest approval Sep 1, 2026·4,120 approvals observed

The Lab

Studies from the queue

Field notes from watching the ATF’s NFA approval queue with instruments. Each study is one plain-English finding backed by a chart computed live from community-reported approvals. Numbers move as new approvals are reported — this is observed community data, not official ATF records.

Study 01The Trajectory Field

One chart holds the whole queue: four lanes, four different physics.

Form 4 · IndividualForm 4 · TrustForm 1 · IndividualForm 1 · Trust· solid = Individual, ring = Trust
still mostly waiting →0d30d60d90dFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepAprMayJunJulAugSepFiling date →Approval date →

Each dot is one approval. Dotted diagonals mark constant waits — every dot on the 60d line waited exactly 60 days. Showing the 2,500 most recent of 3,998 approvals.

Method. Every reported e-file approval from roughly the last 10 months, plotted by filing date against approval date and colored by lane. Diagonal guides mark constant waits.

Reading it honestly. The shaded strip on the right holds the most recent filings. Most are still waiting, so only their fastest approvals appear yet — the empty space there is pending, not fast.

Study 02The Four Queues

It isn't one line. It's four, and they run at wildly different speeds.

Form 4 · Individual
5days
351 approvals · IQR 38
p90 14d
Timer · 92% near median
Form 4 · Trust
27days
254 approvals · IQR 1534
p90 40d
Unsettled · 56% near median
Form 1 · Individual
29days
514 approvals · IQR 663
p90 77d
Unsettled · 21% near median
Form 1 · Trust
71days
264 approvals · IQR 3182
p90 85d
Unsettled · 38% near median
0d30d60d90d

shared wait-days axis · same scale across all four lanes

Method. last 90 days · e-file only. Each dot is one approval on a shared wait-days axis; the shaded band is the middle 50%, the heavy tick is the median. Lanes below 15 approvals are held back.

Study 03The Receding Wall

Form 1 spent five months getting slower. Both of its lanes have since turned around, the individual one first.

Form 1 · IndividualForm 1 · TrustForm 4 · IndividualForm 4 · Trust· solid = Individual, ring = Trust
03570105Nov '25Dec '25Jan '26Feb '26Mar '26Apr '26May '26Jun '26Jul '26Aug '26$0 NFA tax stamp takes effectJanuary 2026 — Under H.R. 1, the federal making and transfer tax on covered NFA items dropped to $0, removing the cost barrier to filing.F4 Trust · Nov 2025: median 12d (IQR 8–16, 17 approvals)F4 Trust · Dec 2025: median 5d (IQR 3–6, 10 approvals)F4 Trust · Jan 2026: median 10d (IQR 4–16, 128 approvals)F4 Trust · Feb 2026: median 27d (IQR 23–30, 216 approvals)F4 Trust · Mar 2026: median 27d (IQR 19–33, 143 approvals)F4 Trust · Apr 2026: median 26d (IQR 20–32, 107 approvals)F4 Trust · May 2026: median 28d (IQR 20–36, 103 approvals)F4 Trust · Jun 2026: median 29d (IQR 20–34, 58 approvals)F4 Trust · Jul 2026: median 31d (IQR 27–38, 89 approvals)F4 Trust · Aug 2026: median 22d (IQR 10–31, 110 approvals)F4 Individual · Nov 2025: median 9d (IQR 5–12, 27 approvals)F4 Individual · Dec 2025: median 5d (IQR 3–6, 28 approvals)F4 Individual · Jan 2026: median 11d (IQR 8–13, 197 approvals)F4 Individual · Feb 2026: median 9d (IQR 5–14, 243 approvals)F4 Individual · Mar 2026: median 5d (IQR 3–7, 107 approvals)F4 Individual · Apr 2026: median 6d (IQR 4–8, 124 approvals)F4 Individual · May 2026: median 6d (IQR 4–10, 126 approvals)F4 Individual · Jun 2026: median 6d (IQR 3–8, 126 approvals)F4 Individual · Jul 2026: median 8d (IQR 4–13, 144 approvals)F4 Individual · Aug 2026: median 4d (IQR 2–5, 96 approvals)F1 Individual · Dec 2025: median 5d (IQR 3–5, 8 approvals)F1 Individual · Jan 2026: median 13d (IQR 7–19, 146 approvals)F1 Individual · Feb 2026: median 35d (IQR 27–41, 131 approvals)F1 Individual · Mar 2026: median 52d (IQR 48–54, 106 approvals)F1 Individual · Apr 2026: median 61d (IQR 57–63, 127 approvals)F1 Individual · May 2026: median 64d (IQR 62–68, 130 approvals)F1 Individual · Jun 2026: median 69d (IQR 47–72, 91 approvals)F1 Individual · Jul 2026: median 48d (IQR 32–74, 245 approvals)F1 Individual · Aug 2026: median 5d (IQR 3–10, 191 approvals)F1 Trust · Jan 2026: median 12d (IQR 8–22, 75 approvals)F1 Trust · Feb 2026: median 41d (IQR 33–44, 56 approvals)F1 Trust · Mar 2026: median 52d (IQR 48–55, 81 approvals)F1 Trust · Apr 2026: median 61d (IQR 56–66, 49 approvals)F1 Trust · May 2026: median 66d (IQR 63–69, 71 approvals)F1 Trust · Jun 2026: median 75d (IQR 72–78, 93 approvals)F1 Trust · Jul 2026: median 83d (IQR 64–86, 75 approvals)F1 Trust · Aug 2026: median 30d (IQR 9–64, 105 approvals)Approval month →
Form 1 · Individual

The Form 1 · Individual median has swung between 5 and 69 days since Mar 2026 without settling into a direction.

Form 1 · Trust

The Form 1 · Trust median climbed to 83 days by Jul 2026 and has since come down to 30 in Aug 2026.

Method. median wait by approval month · ≥8 approvals/month · e-file only. Slip velocity is the ordinary-least-squares slope of the last six complete monthly medians.

Reading it honestly. This is the approval-month view — what the ATF cleared each month, the output side of the pipe. It is distinct from the filing-cohort curves in Study 06.

Study 04The Order of the Queue

The line is fair: whoever filed first is approved first, almost without exception.

F4 Individual
1.3%
line-jumps
209,897 pairs compared
F4 Trust
2.5%
line-jumps
142,173 pairs compared
F1 Individual
2.8%
line-jumps
321,755 pairs compared
F1 Trust
3.2%
line-jumps
88,057 pairs compared

The queue is almost perfectly first-in, first-out. Among filings placed at least 14 days apart, the later filer almost never gets approved first — jumping the line essentially doesn’t happen.

Method. last 180 days · e-file only. For each lane we compare every pair of approvals filed at least 14 days apart and count how often the later filer was approved first. Lanes with fewer than 50 comparable pairs are held back.

Study 05The Approval Clock

Form 1 approvals arrive seven days a week. Form 4s take the weekend off.

Share of approvals by weekday

Mon
Tue
Wed
Thu
Fri
Sat
Sun
Form 4
14%
20%
19%
19%
14%
7%
7%
Form 1
17%
17%
19%
16%
13%
8%
10%

last 180 days · all reported approvals. Saturday and Sunday columns are dashed.

Daily reported approvals

MonWedFriSunMay 18: 12 approvalsMay 19: 17 approvalsMay 20: 27 approvalsMay 21: 20 approvalsMay 22: 10 approvalsMay 23: 9 approvalsMay 24: 6 approvalsMay 25: 6 approvalsMay 26: 18 approvalsMay 27: 17 approvalsMay 28: 20 approvalsMay 29: 16 approvalsMay 30: 3 approvalsMay 31: 4 approvalsJun 1: 16 approvalsJun 2: 13 approvalsJun 3: 22 approvalsJun 4: 11 approvalsJun 5: 17 approvalsJun 6: 0 approvalsJun 7: 5 approvalsJun 8: 25 approvalsJun 9: 18 approvalsJun 10: 12 approvalsJun 11: 16 approvalsJun 12: 22 approvalsJun 13: 9 approvalsJun 14: 3 approvalsJun 15: 24 approvalsJun 16: 16 approvalsJun 17: 16 approvalsJun 18: 14 approvalsJun 19: 7 approvalsJun 20: 1 approvalJun 21: 4 approvalsJun 22: 15 approvalsJun 23: 18 approvalsJun 24: 9 approvalsJun 25: 12 approvalsJun 26: 17 approvalsJun 27: 4 approvalsJun 28: 8 approvalsJun 29: 10 approvalsJun 30: 4 approvalsJul 1: 8 approvalsJul 2: 15 approvalsJul 3: 5 approvalsJul 4: 6 approvalsJul 5: 7 approvalsJul 6: 9 approvalsJul 7: 13 approvalsJul 8: 11 approvalsJul 9: 21 approvalsJul 10: 12 approvalsJul 11: 3 approvalsJul 12: 8 approvalsJul 13: 8 approvalsJul 14: 27 approvalsJul 15: 53 approvalsJul 16: 24 approvalsJul 17: 22 approvalsJul 18: 18 approvalsJul 19: 15 approvalsJul 20: 22 approvalsJul 21: 28 approvalsJul 22: 38 approvalsJul 23: 29 approvalsJul 24: 26 approvalsJul 25: 5 approvalsJul 26: 14 approvalsJul 27: 18 approvalsJul 28: 17 approvalsJul 29: 16 approvalsJul 30: 27 approvalsJul 31: 28 approvalsAug 1: 15 approvalsAug 2: 11 approvalsAug 3: 31 approvalsAug 4: 19 approvalsAug 5: 43 approvalsAug 6: 37 approvalsAug 7: 15 approvalsAug 8: 8 approvalsAug 9: 10 approvalsAug 10: 13 approvalsAug 11: 26 approvalsAug 12: 16 approvalsAug 13: 32 approvalsAug 14: 8 approvalsAug 15: 6 approvalsAug 16: 11 approvalsAug 17: 22 approvalsAug 18: 30 approvalsAug 19: 14 approvalsAug 20: 26 approvalsAug 21: 10 approvalsAug 22: 1 approvalAug 23: 6 approvalsAug 24: 12 approvalsAug 25: 24 approvalsAug 26: 18 approvalsAug 27: 10 approvalsAug 28: 7 approvalsAug 29: 2 approvalsAug 30: 4 approvalsAug 31: 15 approvalsSep 1: 11 approvalsSep 2: 0 approvals
FewerMore

Method. Weekday shares and daily counts of all reported approvals. Reporting is community-sourced, so a batch of reports can smear activity across a few days.

Study 06Cohort Yield Curves

Watch the wall move: each filing month clears later than the one before it.

0%25%50%75%100%0d30d60d90d120dJan 2026: 381 approvals, median 28dFeb 2026: 114 approvals, median 62dMar 2026: 158 approvals, median 65dApr 2026: 99 approvals, median 77d (still maturing)May 2026: 88 approvals, median 57d (still maturing)Jun 2026: 101 approvals, median 36d (still maturing)Jul 2026: 116 approvals, median 14d (still maturing)Aug 2026: 109 approvals, median 3d (still maturing)Days since filing →
Jan 2026(381)Feb 2026(114)Mar 2026(158)Apr 2026(99)May 2026(88)Jun 2026(101)Jul 2026(116)Aug 2026(109)

Method. Each line is one filing-month cohort — the share of its reported approvals cleared by day X. Cohorts need at least 25 approvals to appear.

Reading it honestly. Solid lines are mature cohorts (filed more than 150 days ago, essentially complete). Dashed lines are still maturing and are drawn only to their current age — they can only shift right as slower approvals land. Note this is the filing-cohort view, and it lags: Form 1 · Trust approvals turned back down in Jul 2026 (Study 03), but those filings are still maturing here and cannot move these curves yet.

Study 08What the Queue Is Working

The Form 1 queue stopped working its oldest filings and started working the newest ones.

Filed AprFiled MayFiled JunFiled JulFiled Aug
0255075100Jun 14Jun 21Jun 28Jul 5Jul 12Jul 19Jul 26Aug 2Aug 9Aug 16Aug 23Week the ATF cleared the filing

Tap or hover a week to see which filing months it cleared.

Method. last 11 complete approval weeks · e-file only. Each bar is one complete approval week, stacked by the month the filing was placed, oldest filing month at the bottom.

Reading it honestly. The in-progress week is dropped entirely. The most recent complete week (Aug 23) is still filling as reports arrive, so its bar will grow.

Study 07Geography Is a Myth

Your state doesn't change your wait.

0d10d20d30dKY: median 4d (IQR 2–7, 19 approvals)KYAZ: median 5d (IQR 3–7, 35 approvals)AZCO: median 5d (IQR 2–7, 24 approvals)COFL: median 5d (IQR 3–9, 50 approvals)FLOH: median 5d (IQR 4–7, 32 approvals)OHPA: median 5d (IQR 3–8, 49 approvals)PAWA: median 5d (IQR 3–7, 24 approvals)WAAR: median 6d (IQR 5–8, 15 approvals)ARMI: median 6d (IQR 5–8, 17 approvals)MINC: median 6d (IQR 4–8, 29 approvals)NCNV: median 6d (IQR 4–8, 19 approvals)NVTX: median 6d (IQR 4–11, 87 approvals)TXVA: median 6d (IQR 3–9, 54 approvals)VAGA: median 7d (IQR 4–10, 33 approvals)GAWI: median 7d (IQR 4–8, 18 approvals)WI

Every state with enough reported approvals lands in a tight cluster — just 3 days separate the fastest and slowest state medians. NFA processing is federal; the state-to-state differences here are noise, not policy.

Method. Form 4 · Individual · e-file · last 180 days · states with ≥15 approvals. Each dot is a state median; the whisker is its middle 50%. The dashed line is the overall median across states.

Notes from the desk

  • Movement pressure concentrated near August 2026. Localized activation — cohort compression has not yet dissipated.
  • Form 4 Trust frontier trails Individual by 1 month. Persistent pathway separation — trust gap remains observable.
  • Form 1 Trust processing lags Individual cohorts by 2 months. Cross-pathway gap remains present and unresolved.

The Lab · Studies may change without notice · NFA wait times this month → · Glossary →